National Legislations on Air Quality Protection and Penalties for Atmospheric Air Pollution in Central Asia

Zhuldyz Umbetbayeva1, Saule Suleimenova2, Djamilya Ospanova3, Gulmira Nurahmetova4 & Gulnar Aigarinova5

https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.171.190

Abstract
Air pollution poses severe risks to public health and the environment, with acts contributing to air contamination potentially constituting environmental crimes or public health offenses. This research examines the national legislations and international legal frameworks aimed at safeguarding atmospheric air quality and addressing air pollution-related offenses in Central Asian countries. Particular attention is given to legal provisions that establish emission standards, monitoring mechanisms, and punitive measures for violations. By exploring the genesis and implementation of these legal instruments, the research identifies potential gaps, inconsistencies, or weaknesses that may hinder the effective prosecution of environmental crimes associated with air pollution in the Central Asian region. This study contributes to the broader understanding of environmental criminology by examining the interplay between international norms, national legislations, and institutional structures in combating air pollution-related offenses.

Keywords: ecological problems; environmental safety; environmental criminology; legal norms; global urbanization.