Criminal Legal Measures to Counteract the Activities of Financial Pyramids in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Gulnara Kaiyrbekova1

https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.153.170

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine ways to counteract the activities of financial pyramids. To achieve this purpose, the study employs methods such as logical analysis, formal-legal analysis, dogmatic analysis, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction. The study defines the concept of a “financial pyramid,” identifies its characteristics, signs, implementation principles, role, and influence on the socio-economic life of the state. Statistical data from the Republic of Kazakhstan were analysed, leading to the conclusion that the number of criminal
activities in this category increases annually. Moreover, regions where these illegal activities are most prevalent were identified. In this regard, an analysis of Kazakhstan’s legislative framework was conducted, specifically the Criminal Code of 1997 and 2014, highlighting key problematic aspects and normative-legal conflicts. A comparative legal analysis was also conducted, comparing the experiences of countries such as the USA, Poland, Germany, among others.

Keywords: Crime; Criminal Organisations; International Experience; Investments; Investment Pyramid; Investment Pyramid Advertising.