Comparative Legal Analysis of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Rights Protection: Prospects for Europe and the Middle East

Susanna Suleimanova1

https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.3.907.922

Abstract
Artificial intelligence‟s threats to human rights can offset its significant benefits for human welfare. This makes it essential to analyse the current status and existing practices in developing the regulatory framework for artificial intelligence (AI). This paper aims to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the role of AI in ensuring human rights in Europe (in the example of the European Union) and the Middle East (in the example of Israel). The article uses comparative legal, formal legal and descriptive methods. The analysis shows that
AI may harm the enjoyment of several human rights. Existing legislative initiatives (in particular, The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), the Council of Europe‟s AI Convention) do not fully protect human rights from the impact of artificial intelligence due to existing gaps in the regulation of the private sector and national security, as well as the effect on the transparency of decisions in criminal law. The main problem is the inadequate regulation of the development and use of AI in national security and the private sector. This creates loopholes through which AI can cause significant harm to human rights and lead to
violations. Further research can determine how the shortcomings identified in this
paper may affect human rights and what safeguards can be put in place.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, human rights, offences, Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), the Council of Europe‟s AI Convention, European Union, Israel