Artificial Intelligence and Fake News: Criminal Aspects in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia

Federico Fusco1

Abstract
This paper explores the criminal aspects of AI-generated fake news in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, focusing on the challenges posed by the rapid spread of misinformation through social media platforms. The paper assesses the effectiveness of current legal and regulatory frameworks in these countries in deterring and punishing those who produce and disseminate fake news using AIbased technologies. By examining the existing legal provisions in both Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, the paper highlights the need for improvement in these
frameworks to address the growing use of AI in generating fake news. The paper concludes that more specific and detailed legal definitions, stronger enforcement mechanisms, and greater collaboration between government agencies and civil society groups are required to combat AI-generated fake news effectively while protecting freedom of speech. Furthermore, raising public awareness through media literacy and critical thinking campaigns is crucial to building a more informed and resilient society.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Fake news; Cybercrime; Disinformation; Saudi Arabia; Pakistan; Freedom of Expression; Criminal law.